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| 重复可读性和内态叠加的可能塌缩时间 |
| Repeated readability and possible collapse time of internal states superposition |
| 投稿时间：2025-04-01 修订日期：2025-04-20 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 量子测量问题 量子叠加实验 自发塌缩模型 量子/经典界限 重复可读性 |
| 英文关键词: quantum measurement problem quantum superposition experiments spontaneous collapse model quantum/classical boundary repeatable readbability |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 一个用于确定量子/经典 (Q-C) 界限的自发塌缩模型在文献 [arXiv:2204.11656 [quant-ph]] 中被提出。与以前的自发塌缩模型、退相干模型或各种宏观指标不同，即使对于一般孤立的微观量子系统，在其寿命内该模型也有可能预言自发塌缩。这为寻找 Q-C 界限提供了一条新的可能途径。若该塌缩存在，则其塌缩时间与重复区分叠加态分支所需的时间尺度相当。这里，本文将通过弹性散射过程从头开始计算，由自由氢原子基态的超精细能级构成的叠加态的塌缩时间。本文将通过分析理论上重复可读性所施加的约束来提取对应的时间尺度，然后从这些时间尺度中抽取出一个经验指标。本文提出可以通过在离子阱实验中引入对系统参数的依赖性来测试该指标。本文还会利用该指标来量化原子喷泉中的宏观性，并表明目前的实验几乎处于 Q-C 界限的边缘。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| We proposed a spontaneous collapse model to determine the quantum/classical (Q-C) boundary in [arXiv:2204.11656 [quant-ph]]. Unlike previous spontaneous collapse models, decoherence models, or various macroscopic criteria, even for a typically isolated microscopic quantum system, it is possible to collapse spontaneously during its lifetime within our model. That may provide a novel path to searching the Q-C boundary. The collapse time, if it exists, will be on the scale of the essential time required to repeatedly distinguish superposition branches. Here, the collapse time of a superposition state, which is constituted by the hyperfine levels of ground state in a free Hydrogen atom, will be ab initio calculated through an elastic scattering process. This time scale can be extracted by analyzing the constraints imposed by repeated readability in theory. Then an empirical indicator is abstracted from such a time scale, and a test of it is proposed by introducing the dependence on the system parameter of the ion trap. We will utilize this indicator to quantify the macroscopicity in the atomic fountain and show that the present experiments are almost at the edge of the Q-C boundary. |
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